Predtetschenski & Milinski now available in crowd:it!

As part of the verification process, we have implemented another method in crowd:it — a dynamic flow model. This model allows for approximate calculation of evacuation times and identification of congestion points.

The Predtetschenski & Milinski method is a widely recognized calculation approach that provides a rough estimate and is used to verify computer simulations (individual models) in fire protection verification.

Thanks to crowd:it ’s intuitive user interface, creating such a calculation is very simple:

You can import background images to load a dimensioned floor plan and scale it to size. With just a few clicks, path elements can be created and combined into routes.

With a single click, results such as evacuation time, number of people in congestion, or delay time are available for further interpretation and can be exported as images or raw data for further use.

 

Permitted methods according to DIN 18009-2 

In der DIN 18009-2 lists various methods approved for verification..

Microscopic methods represent each person individually, whereas macroscopic methods consider pedestrian flows in aggregate. Macroscopic calculation methods help perform quick estimates of evacuation time for a scenario without needing to model the geometry in detail. Microscopic simulations enable more detailed assessments of a given scenario.

The following table shows both representation features and analysis capabilities.

Representation features:

macroscopic

Capacity analyses
Dynamic flow models
Escape routes
Section-wise with constant width
Section-wise with constant width
Person characteristics
Averaged
Averaged
Alarm and
reaction times
Area-wise
Area-wise
Merging of pedestrian flows
Limited
Yes

microscopic

Discrete models
Continuous models
Escape routes
by a multiple of the cell size
Exact
Person characteristics
Individual
Individual
Alarm and
reaction times
Individual
Individual
Merging of pedestrian flows
Yes
Yes

Analysis possibilities:

macroscopic

Capacity analyses
Dynamic flow models
Escape time
Yes
Yes
Congestion time (duration)
Limited
Yes
Congestion location
Limited
Yes
Congestion size (max people)
No
Yes
Congestion density
No
No
Individual waiting time
No
Limited

microscopic

Discrete models
Continuous models
Escape time
Yes
Yes
Congestion time (duration)
Yes
Yes
Congestion location
Yes
Yes
Congestion size (max people)
Yes
Yes
Congestion density
Limited
Limited
Individual waiting time
Yes
Yes

Details on the Predtetschenski & Milinski method

In general, each macroscopic method works as follows:

  • Different movement directions (horizontal and vertical) as well as different path elements (stairs, narrowings, corridors) are considered.
  • Calculations can include different groups of people (youth & adults) and densities (different clothing).
  • The area under consideration is divided into so-called path elements.
  • For each path element, properties such as flow rate, speeds, and times are calculated.
  • By linking the path elements based on different calculation models, an overall evacuation time is determined.

More details, including a small calculation example, can be found here (in german)..

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